It’s not just a movement disorder. Besides causing tremors and other motion-related symptoms, Parkinson’s disease affects memory, learning, and behavior.

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The brainstem is the "stem-like" region at the base of the brain that merges into the spinal cord. It contains the midbrain, pons and medulla, which in turn contain groups of neurons that are important for a variety of functions including arousal, sleep, respiration, reflex movements, pain regulation, and some sensory and motor functions.